Description
Pancreatic cancer is a formidable and often silent malignancy arising in the pancreas, a deep-seated organ behind the stomach responsible for vital digestive and hormonal functions. This cancer typically remains asymptomatic in its early stages, only manifesting later as abdominal or back pain, jaundice, unintended weight loss, light-colored stools, dark urine, and loss of appetite Risk factors include tobacco smoking, obesity, long-standing diabetes, and certain genetic predispositions The most common subtype—pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma—accounts for the majority of cases and is particularly challenging due to late detection
Surgery offers the best chance for cure, although fewer than 20 % of patients are eligible due to disease advancement at diagnosis Standard surgical options include the Whipple procedure (for tumors in the pancreatic head), distal pancreatectomy (for body or tail lesions), and total pancreatectomy when extensive disease is present
Adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies—such as chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy—are often used to improve outcomes
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